At the earthquake relief site, the efficiency of setting up single-person tents directly impacts the speed at which affected people can be accommodated. Unlike ordinary outdoor gear, these tents must follow standardized procedures to ensure structural stability and safety. Below, we will detail the entire process of setting up a single-person tent for disaster relief, including key points and risk prevention measures, to provide practical guidance for rescue personnel.
1. Preparations before construction: "three clears and three checks" principle
(1) Site clearance and evaluation triple purity：
Remove sharp objects (crushed stone, glass, branches) from the ground, and use an engineer's shovel to level the ground to ensure that the tent bottom drop is less than 5cm;
Clear surrounding obstacles and reserve a safe passage of 1.5m (convenient for emergency passage);
Identify underground pipelines (such as exposed cables and water pipes that may exist in the disaster area) to avoid damage to potential facilities by gas columns or ground nails.
Three checks:
Check the integrity of the tent packaging (check for damage, water stains);
Check the accessory list (air pump, ground nail ×8, wind rope ×4, repair kit, instruction manual);
Test the power of the air pump (electric model should ensure that the power is greater than or equal to 70%, manual model should check the piston seal).
(2) Tools and protective equipment
Essential tools: folding shovel (for leveling the ground), torque wrench (some high-end models need to accurately fix the nail torque), pressure gauge (accuracy ±0.05Bar).
Personnel protection: wear cut-resistant gloves (when dealing with sharp debris), a reflective vest (warning lights should be turned on when working at night).
2. Standardized construction process: three-step operation method
(1) Unroll the tent and base positioning
Operation points:
Lay the tent flat in the selected area, facing up (usually the outer tent has a reflective logo or brand LOGO);
Stretch the main body of the tent along the long side to pre-deploy the air column to 70% (to avoid excessive stretching that causes the seam to crack)
(2) Anchors and wind ropes are reinforced
① "rice" shaped fixation method:
Long side direction: fix the front wind rope to the ground at 45 degrees, the depth of the ground nail into the soil is more than 20cm, and apply 5-8N・m torque with a torque wrench;
Short side direction: the two sides of the wind rope are spread at 60 degrees, and the spacing of the ground nail is 1.2-1.5m to ensure that the tent projection surface forms a stable quadrilateral.
② Special terrain processing:
Loose sand: use spiral ground nails and metal pads (increase the area of force), double ground nails for each wind rope;
Rock ground: use the expansion screw fixing method (drill is required), and the depth of screw embedding should be greater than or equal to 5cm.
(3) Function debugging and acceptance
① Air tightness test: close all doors and Windows, light the smoke sheet (or use the electronic leak detector), and observe whether there is a smoke leakage point (the leakage amount per minute is less than or equal to 10ml is qualified).
② Function testing: Open the ventilation window and test the air convection effect (anemometer detects internal ventilation rate of at least 0.5 times/hour);
Install the LED emergency light and check whether the interface is powered normally (voltage 12V DC stable output).
③ Acceptance record: Fill in the Tent Construction Acceptance Form, record the construction time, air pressure value, reinforcement method and other information, and file for future reference.
3. Emergency construction techniques in special scenarios
(1) Night work
Set up the top reflector of the tent (brightness ≥ 300cd/m²) and set up the ring warning light (interval ≤ 2m);
The infrared thermal imager is used to assist the positioning (detect the abnormal ground temperature area and avoid missing sharp objects).
(2) Slope topography
Build along the contour line, and fill the drop below the tent with sandbags or stones (each 10cm drop requires at least 50kg counterweight);
The inclined wind rope is increased (at an Angle of 30 degrees with the main wind rope), and the ground nail is arranged in a "pin" shape to enhance the anti-slip force.
(3) Rain and snow weather
Cover the rainproof cloth in advance (extend 1m along the tent), and seal the joint with waterproof glue after the ground nail is inserted into the soil;
Clear the snow on top every hour (when the load exceeds 20kg, the emergency snow removal plan should be started).
The construction of single-person tents for earthquake relief is a task that combines efficiency and professionalism. Each step of the process must be carried out with standard procedures to ensure the safety of those affected. Rescue personnel should undergo theoretical training and simulation exercises (it is recommended to conduct a live drill every quarter) to master the construction techniques for various scenarios. They should also gain practical experience and be able to adjust their plans flexibly based on the site conditions.
